K.
Iqbal
Afghan
government and the Taliban are poised to hold face-to-face talks following the
behind the scenes encouragement by Pakistan ,
America
and other stakeholders. The two sides—Taliban and Afghan government have been
in informal contact with each other for some time. However, this is the first
time that they plan to publicly share a table to converse about the future
political landscape of Afghanistan .
Committees for proposed talks on both the sides are engaged in affairs like
discussing agendas for talks and other issues. However, as of now, no direct
meeting has taken place.
President
Obama held a video conference with President Ashraf Ghani, on March 13, and
discussed the peace process and commended the regime’s efforts to improve
relationship with Pakistan .
Afghanistan ’s
Chief Executive Officer Dr Abdullah Abdullah also participated in the conference
call.
Debate
is ongoing on the issue of the presence of foreign forces in Afghanistan;
spokesman for Afghan Taliban Zabihullah Mujahid has commented in a message that
no doubt that Afghans want peace, but this is possible after the foreign forces
stop aggression and allow sovereignty to Afghans. The Taliban leadership is not
out-rightly rejecting the prospect of talks with the Afghan government. China ’s foreign minister last month said during
a visit to Islamabad that Beijing was willing to help mediate talks to
end the Afghan war.
Reportedly,
China
has held rounds of talks with the Taliban and asked them to hold direct talks
with the Afghan government. The Chinese have held “one, two or three” rounds of
talks with the Taliban in the past few months, Dr Abdullah Abdullah said at a
conference organized by an Indian media group. Abdullah, speaking at the India
Today Conclave 2015 in New Delhi ,
did not say where the meetings took place. Abdullah’s backing of the nascent
process is crucial because many of his supporters represent the anti-Taliban
sentiment.
The
Taliban side is silent over the Afghan government’s willingness to give share
to them in power and also accept their demands within the constitutional
framework. Taliban are accepting that their members visit certain countries for
various issues and have traditional links with several countries. An Afghan
government official has said that the issues about which Taliban have concerns
could be discussed and sorted out once the talk process starts. The next few
days are very crucial. It is a make-or-break situation. All sides are very much
aware of the fact that the breakthrough has to be achieved before the Taliban’s
spring offensive. All stakeholders are pushing for a formal ceasefire in order
to pave the way for meaningful talks before the Afghan Taliban begin their
spring offensive in May. The first round of talks will focus on striking a deal
on a ceasefire. China
is to act as a ‘guarantor’ for any peace deal between the insurgents and the
Afghan government. Pakistan
and Afghanistan have agreed
to set up a joint committee to work out a mechanism for documentation of
unregistered Afghan nationals in Pakistan .
While
talking to Afghan Minister for Refugees and Repatriation, Sayed Balkhi, Prime
Minister Muhammad Nawaz Sharif has said that building stable and cooperative
relations with all countries of the region including Afghanistan
is part of his vision for a peaceful neighborhood, adding that Pakistan
is fully committed to the internationally endorsed Solution Strategy for Afghan
Refugees. During the London Conference on Afghanistan ,
in December 2014, Prime Minister Nawaz called upon the international community
to support Afghanistan
to bring back Afghan refugees living abroad, by helping to create conducive
conditions for sustainable reintegration into their homeland. Pakistan respects the principle of
voluntary return and feels encouraged that the Afghan government is creating
pull factors to incentives the return of refugees. Balkhi said an
inter-ministerial Board has been formed in Afghanistan for overseeing the
return of Afghan refugees which is being chaired by President Ashraf Ghani.
Balkhi said it is the desire of the Afghan people to focus on economic
development and not to hear the sound of gunshots again.
With
the change of leadership in Afghanistan ,
the two countries have commenced a historic new phase in bilateral relations.
Now, focus is on enhanced political engagement, security and counter-terrorism
cooperation, trade and economic partnership, and regional cooperation.
Terrorism is a common enemy of the two countries and it requires common
endeavors to defeat it. Both the countries have paid a very heavy price at the
hands of terrorism and now Pakistan
has launched Operation Zarb-e-Azb which has broken the backbone of the
terrorist network in the country. Pakistan has a commitment not to
allow its territories to be used against other countries. Pakistan is in favor of an
Afghan-owned and Afghan-led peace and reconciliation process.
Both
sides—Taliban and the Afghan government—are deeply suspicious of each other.
Taliban representatives have indicated that should talks begin, they would make
demands including the immediate departure of all foreign troops. A senior aide
to Ghani said anticipated Taliban demands, which may also include re-imposing
the harsh interpretation of Islamic law would be unacceptable. The aide said
Pakistani intermediaries were “working to find middle ground”, but so far
reported no change in the Taliban stance. “If these demands are not softened,”
the aide said, “the first day of talks could become the last day of talks.”
Prime
Minister’s Adviser on National Security and Foreign Affairs Sartaj Aziz has
also confirmed that the Afghan government and the Taliban were preparing to
hold negotiations. Pakistan
has always supported such a process, and re-emphasized it to be transparent,
Afghan-owned and Afghan-led.
The
process of intra-Afghan negotiations is likely to be painstakingly slow, and
progress could be akin to one step forward and two backwards. At this critical
time, caution is due for Pakistan
that it should not get involved in the internal affairs of Afghanistan . Even if officially
invited by the Afghan government, it should only facilitate the process to the
extent requested by the Afghan government and Taliban.
The interlocutors of the
Afghan peace and reconciliation process should look for strong guarantors to
the anticipated agreement. No single country could bear such a burden; however
it would be appropriate if all permanent members of UNSC and all six immediate
neighbors of Afghanistan
jointly underwrite the forthcoming political arrangement in Afghanistan . Above all, America , the real power yielder in Afghanistan
owes it to the Afghan people and the international community to make the
process of intra-Afghan negotiations a success.